History Beyond Religion

http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Topics/Human-Trafficking-Series Law Day 2015: U.S. Courts to Focus on Rule of Law For federal courts, Law Day 2015 will be an opportunity to educate the public about the rule of law, inspired in part by the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, which established the principle that no man or government is above the law. Law Day, established in 1958, is officially honored May 1 but has evolved into a month-long celebration across the nation. While some events, such as public exhibits at federal courthouses in Buffalo, NY, and Washington, D.C., are focusing specifically on the Magna Carta, many courts are conducting events with students that illustrate how the rule of law affects lives today. In four Eastern District of Pennsylvania courthouses, for instance, students will argue and decide a case adapted from the still-undecided Supreme Court case, Elonis v. U.S. In a fictional scenario, a high school student is charged with threatening two classmates in a Facebook post, but argues that the First Amendment protects his right to free speech. Guided by lawyers and federal judges, student attorneys will argue the case before a jury of fellow students. The Elonis case is an example of how the Magna Carta’s core principles remain relevant, even as social structures change. “The Internet is a vast landscape of new issues not readily contemplated even by our Founding Fathers when they created the Constitution of the United States,” said U.S. District Judge Cynthia M. Rufe. “When the Magna Carta was written, it was, in part, to keep in check a despot king who at his whim tyrannized all. While its immediate impact was not appreciated, it became the template for due process.” Read the full article.

Frederick Douglass - From Slave to Abolitionist
http://youtu.be/Fj-gz3u-1jM

The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow
http://youtu.be/3mF718GsrOI

Slavery And The Making Of America
http://youtu.be/24U156LHXYM

Journey through Slavery ep 1/4 - Terrible Transformation
http://youtu.be/ak1SlHjFBbU

Does an Innocent Man Have the Right to Be Exonerated?

http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/does-an-innocent-man-have-the-right-to-be-exonerated/ar-BBgq4OP

This is the story of our Mothers and Grandmothers who lived only 90 years ago.

Remember, it was not until 1920 that women were granted the right to go to the polls and vote.

The women were innocent and defenseless, but they were jailed nonetheless for picketing the White House, carrying signs asking for the vote.

And by the end of the night, they were barely alive. Forty prison guards wielding clubs and their warden's blessing went on a rampage against the 33 women wrongly convicted of 'obstructing sidewalk traffic.'

(Lucy Burns)

They beat Lucy Burns, chained her hands to the cell bars above her head and left her hanging for the night, bleeding and gasping for air.

(Dora Lewis)

They hurled Dora Lewis into a dark cell, smashed her head against an iron bed and knocked her out cold. Her cell mate, Alice Cosu, thought Lewis was dead and suffered a heart attack. Additional affidavits describe the guards grabbing, dragging, beating, choking, slamming, pinching, twisting and kicking the women.

Thus unfolded the 'Night of Terror' on Nov. 15, 1917, when the warden at the Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia ordered his guards to teach a lesson to the suffragists imprisoned there because they dared to picket Woodrow Wilson's White House for the right to vote. For weeks, the women's only water came from an open pail. Their food--all of it colorless slop--was infested with worms.

(Alice Paul)

When one of the leaders, Alice Paul, embarked on a hunger strike, they tied her to a chair, forced a tube down her throat and poured liquid into her until she vomited. She was tortured like this for weeks until word was smuggled out to the press.

Mrs. Pauline Adams in the prison garb she wore while serving a 60 day sentence.

Last week, I went to a sparsely attended screening of HBO's movie 'Iron Jawed Angels.' It is a graphic depiction of the battle these women waged so that I could pull the curtain at the polling booth and have my say. I am ashamed to say I needed the reminder.

Miss Edith Ainge, of Jamestown , New York

All these years later, voter registration is still my passion. But the actual act of voting had become less personal for me, more rote. Frankly, voting often felt more like an obligation than a privilege. Sometimes it was inconvenient.

(Berthe Arnold, CSU graduate)

My friend Wendy, who is my age and studied women's history, saw the HBO movie, too. When she stopped by my desk to talk about it, she looked angry. She was--with herself. 'One thought kept coming back to me as I watched that movie,' she said. 'What would those women think of the way I use, or don't use, my right to vote? All of us take it for granted now, not just younger women, but those of us who did seek to learn.' The right to vote, she said, had become valuable to her 'all over again.'

HBO released the movie on video and DVD . I wish all history, social studies and government teachers would include the movie in their curriculum I want it shown on Bunco/Bingo night, too, and anywhere else women gather. I realize this isn't our usual idea of socializing, but we are not voting in the numbers that we should be, and I think a little shock therapy is in order.

Conferring over ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution at National Woman's Party headquarters, Jackson Place , Washington , D.C.

Left to right: Mrs. Lawrence Lewis, Mrs. Abby Scott Baker, Anita Pollitzer, Alice Paul, Florence Boeckel, Mabel Vernon (standing, right))

It is jarring to watch Woodrow Wilson and his cronies try to persuade a psychiatrist to declare Alice Paul insane so that she could be permanently institutionalized. And it is inspiring to watch the doctor refuse. Alice Paul was strong, he said, and brave. That didn't make her crazy.

The doctor admonished the men: 'Courage in women is often mistaken for insanity.'

Please, if you are so inclined, pass this on to all the women you know. We need to get out and vote and use this right that was fought so hard for by these very courageous women. Whether you vote democratic, republican or independent party - remember to vote.

Helena Hill Weed, Norwalk , Conn. Serving 3 day sentence in D.C. prison for carrying banner, 'Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.'

So, refresh MY memory. Some women won't vote this year because - Why, exactly?

We have carpool duties?

We have to get to work?

Our vote doesn't matter?

It's raining?

I'm so busy...I've got so much on my plate!

Read again what these women went through for you!

We can't let all their suffering be for nothing.
gettysburg address

The rape of his daughter makes him change.

         David Lurie is the main character in the novel of the Desgrace, written by J.M. Coetzee in 1999. The novel is in Cape Town, base in the post-apartheid South Africa, when the domination of blacks by whites was present around 1948, when the  racial segregation and institutionalized  of the black race are displacer  for political, social and economic reasons, whites took what is not theirs by force. The story of David, a white man with Douches descent that lives in George the rest of his family still lives in Europe. He is a professor of modern languages, in good health, clear mind, wise, does not want people to think or reflect on him. He is been disconnected from others with his French language. A cold calculating man (p 2) his temperament is fixed and living within his income, temperament, means emotional, and designs that will be happy as the last day of his death (p 2) He is married twice, has a daughter. He has no desire to get emotionally involved with anyone. David comes to the opposite sex (and harm women) as objects to satisfy his sexual urges, and has to go through a transformation unconscious, making changes set of middle-aged man obstinate in his ways in life and in his views on women, lives of animals and comments on women is just speechless.

Starting with Soraya, a woman of religion (Muslim) works with a service for men sexually pleasures. David describes her as an exotic woman, she is slim and tall, and describes one-body honey Browne "luxe et voluptuousness" (pg 35), who takes pleasure in your pleasure, and he thinks the affection has grown in it for her. To some extent, he believes his affection is reciprocated he is a regular customer of her. Melanie is his student from George and is a kind of exotic. She is also the minority, although whites as less and must be the minority group. He convince Melanie to have intimate sexual intercourse, David is a rare man disconnected from all others and is interested in exotic girls. These examples show that he wants the whole aspect of the relationship to his sexual advantage the objects of his sexual pleasures. Then on (Chapter # 6-7) David treats or at least tries to treat Melanie as another student, after he is been with her sexual intimidate. She feels completely comfortable in this situation. That is the reason is not allow this kind of relationship between a student and a teacher, yet he thinks he did nothing wrong, even though he is the teacher and she is the student? This man is in the position of power over her and this is not acceptable. David makes a comment about the game that a woman has the beauty of life forever oh (pg 123-124), and the sheep are to be eaten. He had to resign his teaching job due to these accusations, of breaking the rules at the university by having this king of relationships, he has to leave, but he thinks this is not a big problem.

David was forced to abandon his teaching, because the rules at school. He has no job, has no more than his superiority to others is to make it look the same as untouchable. After all this, he decided to visit his daughter who lives on the farm. About his daughter, her name is Lucy a lesbian, and the name of her partner is Helen. Lucy lives in the country, with other people and with other seniors who make the lives of farmers, living a simple life different from his father. She is in the mud of the earth. There is a big difference both David so far I think that animals do not have souls like humans her father comments. Lucy did not criticize these comments. David when he met Lucy neighbor Petrus is, David knew that Petrus is not honest and that he is hiding something against his daughter and as a parent must stay with her daughter to protect her.

Petrus is the result of force that way to survive and David does not understand that Petrus is because society and people like him do well. David also met Mrs. Bev Shaw, another neighbor who is much older than Lucy is. His impression of this woman was very negative, David thought Bev Shaw is one of the ugliest women to consider in your life, and never think to relate to her sexually. He continued to being more or less indifferent to animals. "(P143). Had compassion is not emotional, is arrogant and removed. They thought of him as not having social skills, but the change has not been completed. Once there, David and Lucy is the victim of a violent crime and sexual assault. David thinks this is his misfortune "(109). Begins to understand the shame that a woman must feel after being raped and used the way it was not until his daughter Lucy is raped, only then will the change of perspective. Before the rape of Lucy never had to question his life until today. He is learning now not to be indifferent, but to care for the dogs and goats. That dogs can smell your thoughts,  the smell of shame  David now have empathy for animals, for example, when he thought of nothing but benefit. Now analyze sheep and dogs. When a sheep past because of old age? On (pg 123) sheep’s are not owners themselves are not themselves, are not masters of their lives. They are used every drop of them. Consumed his flesh, his bones be crushed poultry feed, which of them do not leak anything, except maybe the gallbladder, that no one will eat. It is in this transition, the dogs see the resemblance of him. As if, anyone is attracted. (P. 133-135) after the rape, Lucy tells her father, you tell the police, what happen to you and I will tell them what happen to me. The difference of opinions, to understand how you feel between, and her father are a contrast. Lucy is the practice, David is very philosophical, and now he wants to fight for her rights, but Lucy realizes that the country is moving in a different direction and is open to change. Now roles are changing, for example, David wanted to keep his private affairs as a secret, and now Lucy says this is my life and I do not want to get involved. Somehow, I feel that history and this is the story of David. Lucy showing the heat down personally feels his side. They wanted to demonstrate control over it (p. 158) that had marked. Come for me. She is paying a price for living in that part of the world. She will relinquish its control, in order to have a price. Lucy pulls the knife this is what David did other women. Now Lucy is on the opposite side of what his father did with other women. David looks defeated.

Now the work begins helping Mrs. Bev Shaw, his work is set to sleep help animals that are no longer useful for farmers. Bev Shaw is old and not very desirable or female, according to him, and he could not even think to be intimate with her. David ended up working with her in the veterinary clinic, where the animal put to sleep longer needed; your job is like dog man. David did not like animals, until you have to live with her daughter. Finally,  the scene of Bev Shaw surprised seduction with how things have changed and you are looking for? "In the afternoon, after a call from her." Can we meet in the clinic "(p150)? This is what I am going to have to get used to; He is referring to Ms. Shaw.

         David is trying to hold on to something you know that at any time going to lose now. The opera is filling his life now, and is more realistic for him. (p 185), this is not what he imagined life. Operation and gives control dogs. The opera is taking over his life and had Teresa change the character of a normal woman or young exotic not proven that he is trying to accept women are what they are. This is not what I want to do, but this is less as a compromise. Petrus, David Lucy each go in every part of the transformations occurring pinch Lucy, Peturs and David. If this people that rape if she goes around doing this kind of things men raping and leaving other seeds and transform procreation. I guess life has been deleted and so is Lucy move your belongings. When the three men come and take by force what they believe is theirs. The country is changing, the culture is changing, everything is changing, he needs to change and he is  realizing that people  that he has to apologize is to women, at the same time women (Lucy) keep trying to let go as is to South Africa. At the same time with the dogs has to go he is so attached to them  and feel he is going to go. The new idea of ​​the new South Africa. Animals do not have souls of the old South Africa. Is young and does not know for the future. The old game of David will be like African men who raped and Lucy’s baby in her womb,  the cause of this violation will be the new life, hope, or solution for a new South Africa.

Sources:

Book Disgrace written by J.M. Coetzee in 1999.

The Dream Is Now, a new 30 minute documentary film by Davis Guggenheim (Academy Award-wining director of Waiting for Superman and An Inconvenient Truth), tells the moving story of those directly affected by a broken immigration system, the undocumented children of immigrants who yearn to contribute more to the country they call home. Putting a human face on the issue, this thought-provoking film was created to keep the focus on Congress' efforts to pass immigration reform that will give undocumented youth and their families the chance to earn their citizenship. The Dream Is Now premiered at a screening in the Capitol for Legislators and on MSNBC.

http://planiceland.com/Articles/

http://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch/#/article+of+may+9th%2C+1969

History 1492 and BEYOND

The term human rights are the rights and privileges that every person in the world should expect to receive.

 Human rights have been violated throughout history and in virtually all known societies, as people have faced oppression, persecution, and exploitation.  Natural rights became the basis of the rights and freedoms found in the English Bill of Rights (1689), the Declaration of Independence (1776), the U.S. Constitution (1788).

The Universal Declaration contains thirty articles that identify and
define various human rights for all peoples.

Specifically, it states
that all human beings "are born free and equal in dignity and rights." These rights include the right to "life, liberty and the security of person"; the right to equal protection before the law; the right to be presumed innocent until proving guilty; the right of privacy; the right to education; the right to work and to free choice of employment; the right to rest and leisure; the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being; the right to freedom of assembly, movement, asylum, and nationality; the right to marry and found a family; the right to own property; and the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion, opinion, and expression.

Ancient American to 1492 and beyond

Historians rely on the work of archaeologist to write the history and learn about people that leave in the past. Archaeologists used Folsom points to prove that humans had been alive or seemed to be alive at the same time as the giant bison’s.

According to archaeologists and historians, ancient Americans shaped the history of human beings in the new world for 10 thousand years, with the continuous human habitation in the western hemisphere. The first big-game hunters crossed the Beringia until 1492 and beyond.

             Much of the history was lost because ancient Americans rely most of the information on oral communication rather then written communication. Archaeologists were able to piece together some of the artifacts left behind by ancient Americans. For example, found pots, spear points, clothing, jewelry, and Folsom points, among those things were found bones by George Mcjunkin.

 Historians directed their attention to letters, journal entries, any writing information that they found. Ancient Americans achieved their success through resourceful adaptation of the hemisphere’s May and ever-changing natural environmental. The small evidences that were found, archaeologists, and historians were able to pace the evidences that these adaptations happen. Most of the history is lost and unknown because of the oral communication information was lost with the Ancient Americans.

Factories in the Field

 by Carey McWilliams

Land monopolization 11

Empires and utopias 28

The Pattern Is CUT    48

The Chines                 66

The Factories Appear 81

“Our Oriental Agriculture” 103

Social Consequences 134

That Wheatland Riot 152

The War speed-up 168

The Postwar Decade (1920-1930) 185

The land Settlements: Delhi and Durham 200

The Great Strakes   211

The Rise of Farm Fascism 230

The Drive for Unionization   264

The End of a Cycle    305

Essay by Douglas C. Sackman 335

INDEX           343

Farmworkers a focus of conflict

The first wave

Agriculture arrived in California with the Spanish missions, established from 1769 to 1823 along the coast from San Diego to Sonoma. As the first group of soldiers and Franciscan priests moved north from colonial settlements in Baja California, they brought livestock, grain, fruit and other crops needed to make the new mission settlements self-sufficient. They also brought with them several dozen Christianized Indians from the Baja peninsula to plant, tend and harvest the crops until converts could be recruited for that work among natives in the north.

These imported workers were considered so vital to the survival of the settlements that Junipero Serra, founder of Mission San Buenaventura and head of the mission system in California, traveled to Mexico City to plead with the colonial government to send him more.

"Using arguments that have since become standard for those lobbying for foreign farmworkers, Serra predicted dire consequences if he did not get the extra manpower he requested," Richard Steven Street writes in "Beasts of the Field," his exhaustive history of immigrant farmworkers in California. "Because of the lack of field labor, he reported, crops had dwindled or not been planted at all, and for this reason he had failed to gather large numbers of natives at the missions."

Serra’s plea for new recruits fell on deaf ears, and the number of transplanted farmworkers dwindled over time. California Indians took their place, but within a few decades the mission era ended. California’s agricultural economy became one devoted almost exclusively to large ranchos raising half-wild range cattle for hides and tallow, which required little in the way of labor.

The next significant wave of immigrant farm laborers began arriving shortly after gold was discovered on the American River in 1848. As fortune hunters swarmed into California, business boomed and so did the demand for low-wage labor. Employers began recruiting Chinese immigrants, who played an important role in the state’s labor force for the next three decades.

By 1880 there were more than 75,000 Chinese laborers in California. They were critical to construction of the transcontinental railroad as it climbed over the rugged spine of the Sierra Nevada, but they also were instrumental in establishing the wine-grape industry in Napa and Sonoma counties.

In Sacramento, San Mateo and Alameda counties, Chinese immigrants accounted for a quarter to a half of the farm labor force.

The backlash was not long in coming. Native workers viewed the immigrants as a threat, believing they drove down wages and took jobs from Americans — themes that would echo across the decades. Starting on the West Coast, anti-immigrant sentiment spread, often taking violent form and culminating with passage in 1882 of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which formally outlawed immigration into the United States from China.

Looking to Japan

As labor shortages began interfering with crop harvests up and down the state, California growers turned to a replacement source of workers. By 1909, there were about 30,00 Japanese immigrants working on California farms, accounting for 42 percent of the agricultural labor force, according to the California Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Like the Chinese before them, the Japanese were soon the target of anti-immigrant violence and political reprisals. Some of it was a response to their success at bargaining collectively for higher wages, but some was a direct reaction to their use of farm labor as a steppingstone to farm ownership.

By 1910, Japanese farmers were growing 88 percent of California’s strawberries, 60 percent of the state’s sugar beets and cantaloupes, 51 percent of the table grapes, and most of the tomatoes, onions and celery. They owned or leased about 13 percent of the state’s farmland, and accounted for 21 percent of the total cash value of California farm production, according to historian Street.

In response, the California Legislature in 1913 passed the first of several Alien Land Acts, prohibiting noncitizens — which, under federal law, included all Asian immigrants — from owning land or leasing it for more than three years.

Immigrants of a different kind flocked to California’s agricultural regions in the 1930s, as the twin calamities of drought and the Depression displaced thousands of tenant farmers and small landowners from the Great Plains. More than 180,000 of these Dust Bowl refugees arrived in California between 1935 and 1939, flooding the agricultural labor market, driving down wages, and temporarily silencing the perennial growers’ lament about a looming shortage of workers.

The labor surplus did not last long, however. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, which precipitated America’s entry into World War II, more than 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry in California, Oregon and Washington were deemed a potential security threat, forced from their homes and jobs, and sent to internment camps. That exodus was accompanied by the sudden loss of much of the remaining work force, as able-bodied men enlisted in the military or abandoned the rigors and paltry pay of field work in favor of well-paying jobs in factories serving the war effort.

In response to the wartime labor shortage, growers persuaded the U.S. government in 1942 to approve the first in a series of international agreements allowing Mexicans to enter the country temporarily to work in the fields.

The braceros signed contracts for terms that ranged from four weeks to six months, promising them the prevailing wage in the area where they’d be working, free housing, reasonably priced meals, employment or subsistence payments for at least 75 percent of their time in the United States, and free transportation from and back to the recruitment center in Mexico. They were supposed to be used only in areas of certified domestic labor shortage and were not to be used as strikebreakers.

Many of the rules were routinely broken, and such abuses eventually led Congress to discontinue the program. By that time, however, immigration from Mexico — legal and illegal — had begun to soar, a phenomenon some historians have linked to the networks of cross-border relationships and contacts established by the 22-year bracero program.

The intermediaries

For all its shortcomings, the bracero program turned out to hold the key to Lorenzo Vega’s future. After that initial season in the Montana sugar beet fields, he came to California and wound up in Oxnard, where he picked peppers. Stoop labor hurt his back, though, so when he heard that jobs were available in Ventura County’s citrus orchards, he jumped at the chance.

"I never saw an orange tree in my life," he said. "The first thing I ask is, ‘Do you have to be stooping down?’ "

The answer was no, and for the next seven years Vega climbed ladders and picked oranges near Fillmore. That’s where he met Ramona, whom he married in 1946. While working full time during the day, he enrolled in night school to earn a high school diploma, which he received when he was 27.

His employers put him in charge of picking crews, and eventually he started his own labor contracting business. He also saved enough money to buy a 65-acre lemon ranch in Santa Paula.

Now 84, he’s retired and his son, Henry, owns and operates the labor contracting business. Coastal Harvesting employs about 400 workers, providing crews to clear land, plant crops, prune trees, chop weeds, move irrigation pipe, pick fruit — just about any task associated with agricultural production. The company has contracts with about 75 local growers.

Farm labor contractors are an increasingly important part of the economic landscape, particularly in California. Nearly 40 percent of California farmworkers interviewed for the most recent National Agricultural Workers Survey reported working for contractors rather than growers. That’s more than twice the percentage nationwide, and the number is increasing, according to data compiled by the state.

Labor contractors serve as intermediaries between growers and workers. They hire, fire and supervise crews in the fields and orchards; handle all the paperwork associated with the legal and regulatory aspects of employment, from Social Security to workers compensation; provide equipment, water and toilets; and bill growers for the workers’ wages plus a management fee. They’re required to be licensed by the state.

From Chinese "gang" bosses in the late 1800s and the Japanese contractors known as keiyaku-nin in the early 1900s, California growers have long relied on intermediaries to manage immigrant labor. In part this is because of cultural and linguistic barriers, but it also stems from the seasonal nature of farm activity. This seasonality, as much as any factor, drives both the growing importance of modern labor contractors and the perennial farmer anxiety about labor shortages.

Worrying about workers

In Ventura County, farmworker employment varies during the year from a low of about 15,000 workers to a high of about 25,000 during the peak of the lemon, avocado and strawberry harvests. Most growers need only a handful of employees year-round, but they need huge numbers for a short time to handle the harvest when a crop ripens.

Rather than maintain a large year-round payroll, growers find it more economical to employ a small permanent group of workers to perform day-to-day maintenance and then turn to contractors to supply big crews to pick or prune or weed when those labor-intensive tasks become necessary. Using a contractor means growers can concentrate on farming rather than on the time-consuming process of finding workers and filling out paperwork.

"He’s an expert at farm labor the way we’re experts at growing the fruit," said Link Leavens, general manager of Leavens Ranches, who relies on a contractor to provide pruning and picking crews for the family’s lemon and avocado orchards. "We’re just not capable of going out and beating the bushes and getting the number and quality of workers we need."

The contractor relationship also relieves growers of responsibility for complying with a thicket of employment regulations, as well as the potential liability associated with hiring illegal immigrants, who are believed to make up more than half the farm labor force in California.

"According to what they show me, they’re legal," Henry Vega says of the workers he employs. "But, of course, many of them are not."

The price growers pay for this arrangement is uncertainty about whether the workers will be available when they need them. For highly perishable crops such as berries and vegetables, the window of time during which harvest must occur is extremely narrow, and if enough workers can’t be found, unpicked produce rots.

Grower anxiety about the adequacy of the farm labor force has been exacerbated recently by several factors: a hiring boom in the construction industry, which generally pays more for manual labor than agriculture; intensified security at the U.S.-Mexico border since the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks of 2001, which has made it more difficult and costly for potential workers to enter the country illegally; and trends in cropping patterns, which have seen Ventura County growers bulldoze fruit orchards and replace them with more labor-intensive and lucrative crops such as strawberries and raspberries.

According to state employment data, the number of farmworker jobs in Ventura county rose 30 percent from 1993 to 2003. Harvested acreage during that time decreased, however, and the inflation-adjusted gross farm revenue was stagnant. One consequence, according to a report compiled earlier this year for the Workforce Investment Board of Ventura County, has been a steady decline in average farmworker income.

Although documented instances of crop abandonment because of a labor shortage are rare, Vega said he has turned down grower requests for workers because he couldn’t hire enough people.

"I’ve had to turn away more work this year than ever," he said.

Fixing the system

There’s no shortage of ideas about how to improve the current system — an industry reliant on huge numbers of minimum-wage workers of questionable legal status.

For farmworkers, the status quo means low pay, unpredictable employment and substandard living conditions. For growers, it means either having to raise wages to levels that will put many of them out of business, or facing the possibility that a truly effective border-control policy will choke off the supply of willing workers and leave crops rotting in the fields.

"We’re not talking terrorists," said Leavens, who fears national security concerns will trump his industry’s economic concerns. "We’re talking about people who want to feed their families."

There have been legislative proposals to establish a new guest-worker program, a contemporary echo of the bracero migration that brought Lorenzo Vega to Ventura County more than half a century ago. There are proposals to fence the border and deport as many as possible of the estimated 11 million illegal immigrants living and working in the United States. There are proposals to provide a path toward citizenship for those same workers, and to guarantee them a better standard of living by boosting wages and eliminating labor contractors so that more farm revenue will be available for both growers and field hands.

To Barbara Macri-Ortiz, a longtime labor activist and Oxnard attorney who spent 20 years working for the United Farm Workers Union, the test of all these proposals is whether they treat farmworkers with the fairness they deserve.

"You have to recognize that farmworkers are an integral part of the team," she said. "The issue at the end of the day is dignity."

To Charles Maxey, dean of the business school at California Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks and co-author of the Workforce Investment Board report, labor disruptions pose the greatest potential threat to local agriculture. And he echoes Macri-Ortiz in suggesting that the debate should, in the end, recognize the valuable contributions immigrant laborers have made to California’s culture and economy.

"These are good people," he said. "These are entrepreneurs. These are people with stuff on the ball."

 

Compose of human history of sweat and struggle that went in the making of California Cornucopia.

In 1939k an expansive of goods flowed forth form California fields. California produced 443000 bales of cotton, 462,000 tons of pruned, 2 million tons of grapes, 10 million bushels of pears, 16 million rates of lettuce, and 75 million boxes of oranges. It brought in 383 million dollars in return. Making California the richest agriculture state in the union.

For 150 years, American had been telling themselves a story about the virtues of the life on the land the tillers of the soil, were God’s chosen people, the most pure embodiments of democracy said, Thomas Jefferson.

Consumers across the country had been told by the likes of Californian Fruit Growers Exchange (aka Sunkist) and the southern Pacific Company to “eat California fruit”

In 1939k an expansive of goods flowed forth form California fields. California produced 443000 bales of cotton, 462,000 tons of pruned, 2 million tons of grapes, 10 million bushels of pears, 16 million rates of lettuce, and 75 million boxes of oranges. It brought in 383 million dollars in return. Making California the richest agriculture state in the union.

Advertisements, such product s were offered up as condensations of nature’s goodness. To consume this bounty was to bible the spirit of the land, to be lifted shortly out of the city walks of Chicago or Boston and placed in the pastoral paradise of California’s resplendent valleys.

What was masked by the image of fruits and vegetables created by mature, mediated only simple farmers and country maidens into whose lives the sun smile? Farm life that had become strictly a business affair. Harvests without festival. WORK that was routinized. Workers who bent their bodies to bring in the crops but who were excluded from the body of politic.

Factories in the Field by Carey McWilliams:  showed how the relationship of America is many peoples to the land shapes and is shaped by the dynamics of class, race and citizenship.

In 1929, McWilliams who’d have been truly astonished” if anyone had told him he would soon be writing about farm labor. His father a state Senator, which took Carey off the ranch and into the metropolitan world of Denver. His father lost his money when the bottom fell out of the cattle market after WWWI, and he died before Carey finish high school in 1921.  

Carey McWilliams began to represent workers in struggles for unionization, and began to represent them in second way though articles on farm labor issues. There was much to report: a series of strikes had been launched across the state in 1933 and 1934.  Workers themselves had broken though the romantic veil, insisting that conditions of work must be improved in the sun-drenched valleys.

This period of labor activism coincided with Upton Sinclair’s run for the Governorship with an audacious plan to End Poverty in California (EPIC), in part by turning many farms into state-sponsored cooperatives. Leaders of industry, agriculture and Hollywood reacted in tandem, using boosted techniques in reverse to deflate EPIC. Sinclair was painted as herbing of ruin, a man who would defile the golden dream. Advertisements in agricultural publications like The Pacific Rural Press told farmers “Upton Sinclair’s visionary scheme of establishing a communistic Utopia in California spells inevitable ruins and disaster for the independent California farmers. King Vidor’s film        our daily bread, a visual paean to collective farming in an American grain, was suppressed for the duration of the campaign lest it inspire Sinclair supporters.  The state-sponsored agricultural colonies of Delhi and Durham and utopian colony of Kaweah were used by the rests as history’s moral fables confirming the folly of EPIC.

‘The haeadlines were so insistent, the social drama so intense, that I felt compelled for find out what was going on”. The novelist John Steinbeck, the photographer Dorothy Lange and the labor economist Paul Taylor went out to investigate.

They all talked with farmworkers and some worked alongside with the workers in the fields. They portrayals of conditions soon began to circulate widely. IN 1936, Lange’s “Migrant Mother” appeared with an article by Taylor in survey Graphics, Steinbeck wrote a probing assessment of the predicament of farm labor for the San Francisco news, and McWilliams (along Herbert Klein) a documentary about in Factories in the Field master piece. A record of human Erosion, which used text and photographs to argue that modern, mechanized agriculture regimented both land and community and left both vulnerable to erosion, and The Grapes Of Wrath, in which the Joads brought home the news that American’s precious agrarianisms was badly beaten and in desperate need of revival. The whole nation was watching, and many people began to see events in California thought the eyes of these agrarian partisans.

The Grapes of Wrath and Factories in the Field become best-sellers, generation support to bring Senator Robert La Follett’s committee devoted to investigating “violations of the rights of labor” out to California. The state commissioner of Immigration and Housing, establish in 1913 (first time appointed for the position McWilliams). As the first witness for the hearings, Governor Olson told the committee about California’s “large-scale industrialized corporate farms.” The La Follette committee would proceed to look for the signs of industrialized agriculture in the state, and for evidence of the repression of labor by groups like the Associated Farmers. Having successfully portrayed Sinclair as the enemy of the California dream in 1934, growers and their allies found them painted by the same brush in 1939. Growers, on the defensive, struggled to shift the frame of reference. At the hearings, they attempted to cloth themselves in the garb of noble yeomanry and arouse sympathy for their vulnerability to the whims of both nature and unions.  Factories in the field was called a “mastery of misstatement” and its author was branded “agricultural pest number 1.” An endless stream of counter-narratives were issued with titles like Plums of plenty and grapes of Gladness. “Now that the briefs have been filed, so to speak, for both sides, the pubic should be able to render a verdict. But of Human Kindness and The Grapes of Wrath should not be read alone. There is still another documentary that should be studied, the transcript of the La Follett Committee Hearings in California. They give the facts without the fiction, and the facts support Mr. Steinbeck.”

Factories in the Field was also a kind of brief, taking up the care of migratory laborers, McWilliams wrote an indictment in the form of a history. Exposed the violence of the Associated Farmers and warned that practices of exclusion and exploitation aimed at farmworkers undermine democracy for everyone. In his novel, to show that growers had broken the promise of agrarianism, Steinbeck mobilized in the form of the Judas the imagery of yeoman farmer’s imagery deeply impressed with
“whiteness.” His heroes were the “Okies,” rescued from the dehumanizing portrayal common in California at the time and refitted as heartland Americans in the Lincoln mold. It was an effective strategy for arousing sympathy and even actions, since it resonated so well with a basic chord of America’s national hymn. Earlier, in his series for the News, Steinbeck had exploded the sordid history of race relations in agriculture.

In McWilliams’ view, any reclamation of agrarianism would require an excavation of its hidden history of race. The “violent history of racial exploitation” was an overlooked dimension of California’s “fable land.” He presented a clear analysis of the anti-Chinese movement of the 1870s and 1880s, excoriating the Workingmen’s Party’s for scapegoating Chinese workers rather than working with them, thus contenting themselves with what David Readier, calls “the wages of whiteness.”  Such as the Alien Land Law of 1913 which facilitated racial exploitation. In addition, he showed how race prejudice was “Sedulously cultivated” and “taught in the schools of the State.”

Chinese who taught fruit growers how to grow fruit. In addition, far from being the docile workers of growers’ fantasies, the Chines, Japanese, Mexican, East Indian, Filipino and other workers were perfectly capable of organizing to better their conditions. The CONTINUED PRECARIOUS POSITION within California’s social an economic order was due no to the lack of agency but to the attitudes aligned against them. The purpose is to reintroduce the readers to the people who harvested their food, and to reach them to regard them as full and capable citizens. In the process, his work moved beyond a bi-polar, black and white understanding of race relations. “RACE though Californian eyes” in a way that “market and major advance not just for the American Left, but for US culture generally.” A number of historians have now surveyed his landscape more fully, delving into the constitutive force of race in sharping class relations, warping the flow of power, and coloring the domains of identity and citizenship.  “The hisotryanof farms labor in California has revolved around the cleverly manipulated exploitation, by the large growers, off a number of suppressed racial minority groups which were imported to work the fields,” A volume might well be written on each of these groups.” (The Chines, Japanese, Mexican, East Indian, Filipino and other workers were perfectly capable of organizing to better their conditions) Most of this groups have had a volume written about them, sometimes many. The role of Chinese in California agriculture has received considerable attention. There are a number of fine studies of farmworkers of Mexican heritage, and excellent works have appeared on the struggle to unionize workers, the experience of the dust bowl migrations and the environmental dimensions of California industrialized farms. The dimension of California’s industrialized farms. The underlining dynamism that drew these people out into the fields has drawn others in succeeding generations. Still, their influence has played an important role of American historiography. David Vaught, more recently, challenged McWilliams' portrayal of land monopolization and the dominance of corporations. He also laments that the careful attention paid to the culture of farm works has not been extended to growers, who come across in the historiography as cold clone so the species homo economic us. He shows how the rhetoric rural virtue had been used as a mask for bald accumulation and exploitation. McWilliams tribute for his path breaking work. His perception of California agriculture as an

"Artificial forced plant" corresponds with current work in environmental history which speaks of a "coerced cornucopia" and tries s to show how racial inequality and environmental domination go hand in hand. He also exposed how space is organized to match patters of thought and how migrants are channeled through the landscape in ways that allow "mainstream" citizens not to recognize them as parts of their community. Since ideology is both a way of seeing and a way of not seeing. The hidden world of migrant farmworkers today makes resurgent United Farm Workers union and other channels, continue to struggle to secure more of the fruits of their labor.

The oranges and pears exported in 1939 have long since made their way back into the earth. Factories in the field now does out to shelves again, imperishable and indispensable product of California farms. 

Douglas C. Sackman

Oberlin

Bibliography

United States History I

HIST 201 HL9: 92727

Proposed Bibliography Assignment

Due date: 9/20/5:00pm

Crisp, James E. "Alamo." Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. Ed. John Hartwell Moore. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 67-70. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Sep. 2012.

James, Marquis, and Honor Sachs. "Alamo, Siege of the." In Dictionary of American History, edited by Stanley I. Kutler, 106-107. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Sayles, John.“The Secret of Roan Inish”, Columbia TriStar Home Video, 2000. DVD. [Culver City, California]

“Texas.” Richmond Enquirer, April 1, 1836. America’s Historical Newspapers. [Richmond, Virginia].

________________________________________________________________

Factories in the Field by Carey McWilliams:

"United States History I

Participation Activity #2 

 

1.)    What made Bishop’s witchcraft “evident and notorious to all beholders”? Much of the testimony recalled events that had occurred many years earlier; why had her witchcraft only become “evident and notorious to all beholders” in 1692?

  

A: New Engenders believe that witches were capable of using their occult powers to cause bad things to happen to people. They believed witches were in league with the devil. The prominent puritan minister Cotton Mather summarized the testimony against some of the accrued witches in his book, wonders of the invisible world (1692) against Bridget Bishop.

 2.)In what ways did Bishop act like a witch, according to her accusers? Why did her accusers believe she — rather than an accident or chance —had caused their misfortunes?

A: She asked them to write their names in a book and threatened them if they did not.  People were struck down by just her look or revived only by her touch. Her accusers believe she had caused their misfortunes because during that time a lot of bad things happened to people and it was common to target women who for one reason or another were unpopular.  Her overall behavior was not accepted by the Puritans.  Her assertiveness may have been taken as a sign of evil. 

 3.)  In what ways did Bishop’s gender contribute to the accusations against her?

Why were “poppets, made up of rags, and hog’s bristles, with headless pins in them” and “a preternatural teat upon her body” considered evidence against her?”

A: Generally speaking females were mostly persecuted during the witch trials so being a female definitely contributed to Bishop’s charges. The poppets were suspected as some type of voodoo doll as a tool for bewitching, and the teat was evidence as the claim was that she had an extra teat that later upon inspection had disappeared.

4.) Judging from the testimony against Bishop, what would protect a person from being accused of witchcraft?

A: After reading the text I think it was pretty clear that once you were accused as a witch you were done for. So much of the accusations Elizabeth Bishop received were so ridiculous and so absurd that they were clearly given in false testimony. Though each instance is an excellent example of the absurdity the business with the ‘witch’s teat’ being found on her body and mysteriously disappearing illustrates how outrageous the claims against Elizabeth Bishop were. How can you defend yourself against all the possibilities of fiction? Further, Cotton Mather himself talks about the difficulties of providing evidence of the occult being that the only evidence is in the testimonies of the victims, which is complete baloney anyway. Ultimately, I think there was very little Bishop could have done to protect herself after the town made up its mind to prosecute her.

United States History

Objective: To give students a first-hand account of the pamphlet, Common Sense. This was one of the most important documents written during the Revolution and convinced many Americans, including George Washington, to declare independence and establish a republic.

Please read the primary document Common Sense. Then, please answer the following questions:

1.         Who wrote this document, when, and where?
Thomas Paine wrote it in Philadelphia at the end of 1775 and in response to King George’s III speech to Parliament in October 1775. Paine published it anonymously first on January 9, 1776 in the Philadelphia Magazine.

2.         What type of document is this? 

It is considered one of the most influential pamphlets in American History.   This political pamphlet explained the reasons why American’s needed to seek independence from Great Britain. 

3.         Who is the intended audience of this document?
All Inhabitants of America or American colonists.

4.         Why was this document written?

Thomas Paine longing for a government that would be their own—as he believed it was their natural right—and separate from their current connection with Britain and wanting to express his political opinions, used the pamphlet, Common Sense to make his arguments and advocate for American independence during a time when independence from Great Britain in 1775 was unimaginable.

5.         What does this document reveal about the society and period in question?

It illustrates ideas and experiences that make revolution seem reasonable to many people despite its great risks and harsh realities.  For example, before the revolution, something ridiculous in the composition of monarchy, it first excludes a man form the means of information, but empowers him to act in cases where the highest judgment required whole character to be absurd and useless. Also shows the straggles between all people in the new world including England and America.  Thomas Paine makes the case for Declaration of Independence in his Compelling Pamphlet, Common Sense, and Published in January 1776.  This new world had been an asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe.

http://www.thealamo.org/main/index.php

　

Bedford St. Martin’s Western Civilization & U.S. History Websites for

 1. A Student's Online Guide to History Reference Sources 

Subject: Participation Exercise #4  

1. According to Grimke, what were the deficiencies of the butterflies of the fashionable world?

Their education is miserable deficient; that they are taught to regard marriage as the one thing newsroom, the only avenue to distinction; hence to attract the notice and win the attention of men.

2.)Why were "women being educated from earliest childhood, to regard themselves as inferior creatures"? In what ways did this sense of inferiority affect women? How should women be educated, according to Grimke? Why did she believe that a "knowledge of housewifery" was "an indispensable requisite in a woman's education"?

Women were educated to regard themselves as inferior creatures because of systematic subjugation of women by men which is also known as patriarchal system.

This assumed inferiority prevented women from seeking intellectual knowledge, limited themselves to defined domestic roles and denied opportunities to engage in political participation and/or community affairs.

According to Grimke, women should be educated to cultivate their minds, to allow more time to reading and improving their intellectual capacities rather than spending time in culinary or manual operations.

Grimke also believed that the "knowledge of housewifery" was "indispensable requisite in a woman's education" because it was said families saved time and money and were happier as a result.

3.) what were the particular oppressions of slave woman?

The virtue of female slaves in wholly at the mercy of irresponsible tyrants, and woman are bought and sold, to gratify the brutal lust of those who bear the name of Christians. 

Why was "the meaning did Grimke attach to the terms slaved sister?

I alluded to our female slaves, are whelmed beneath a tide of pollution; the virtue of female slaves is wholly at the mercy of irresponsible tyrants, and    woman are bought and sold in our slave market, to gratify the brutal lust of those to bear the name of Christians. In our slave state, if amid all her degradation, and ignorance, a woman desires to preserve her virtue unsullied, she is either bribed to whipped into compliance, or if she dares resists her seducer, her life by the laws of some of the slave states may be, and has actually been sacrificed to the fury of disappointed passion. Where such laws do not exist, the power which us necessarily vested in the master over his property , leaves the defenseless slave entirely at his mercy, and the sufferings of some females on this account, both physical and mentally null and void, because evidences of colored person is not admitted against a white, in any of the courts of Justice in the the slave states.

Nor does the colored woman suffer alone: moral purity of the white woman us deeply contaminated.  In the daily habits of  seeing the virtue of her  enslaved sister sacrificed without hesitancy or remorse, she looks upon the crimes of seduction and illicit intercourse without horror. She loses the value for innocence in her own, as well as the other sex, which is one of the strongest safeguard to virtue. She lives in habitual intercourse with men, whom she knows to be polluted by licentiousness, those disgusted and heart-sickening jealousies and strafes the female slaves suffer every species of degradation and cruelty, which the most wanton barbarity can inflict, something  

http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/lincoln-gettysburg-address-speech-text/

http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/benjamin10e/default.asp?s=&n=&i=&v=&o=&ns=0&ui d=0&rau=0 　 2. Diana Hacker's Research & Documentation Online http://dianahacker.com/resdoc/ Finding general sources http://dianahacker.com/resdoc/p03_c05_s1.html Documenting sources http://dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c10_s1.html Sample History Paper http://dianahacker.com/pdfs/Hacker-Bish-CMS.pdf 　 3. Primary Sources Link to U.S. and Western Civilization Textbooks http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/makehistory/BFW10/Player/pages/Main.aspx 　 OR The Chicago Manual of Style Online: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html 　

Using MS Word 2007 for Chicago Style Research Papers 
I. Bibliography

1. References

2. Style–Select Chicago 3. Insert Citation–add new source 4. Manage Sources–copy to current list 5. Bibliography– insert bibliography II. Citations: (Footnotes or Endnotes)

1. References

2. Insert Footnote (or Insert Endnote)

What about inequality of distribution

IS THIS HOW THE WORLD WORKS?

This news were on for a few days, this is what you are not suppose to remember. So the power can keep you were you are now!!!!!.

http://enjoyabetterworld.com/   

http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31727_162-20048028-10391695.html

Posadas Carriles Cubano

Fast and Furious

Internatio​nal Unequal Exchange  Unequal exchange is an important concept in World Systems Approach Periphera​l products", which have low labour costs, are exchanged.

What about inequality of distribution

Do you want to educate your self?  that is the only way.....

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chj5R0Izt9s

http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/nationalism_in_the_aftermath_of_9_11_20110910/

HOW THE WORLD WORKS?

Religion

http://ncronline.org/printmail/news/accountability/how-fr-maciel-built-his-empire

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqNoLzZRkI&feature=youtube_gdata_player  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUjA_hcYzzI&feature=youtube_gdata_player  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwTOLL404JA&feature=youtube_gdata_player

http://m.imdb.com/title/tt1456472/ 

I AM THE MASTER OF MY FATE THE CAPTAIN OF MY SOUL"

BECAUSE I HAVE THE POWER TO CONTROL MY THOUGHTS. THE ETHER IN WHICH THIS LITTLE PLANET FLOATS IS A FORM OF ENERGY MOVING AT AN INCONCEIVABLY HIGH RATE OF VIBRATION, THE ETHER IS FILLED WITH A FORM OF UNIVERSAL POWER WHICH ADAPTS ITSELF TO THE NATURE OF THE THOUGHTS I HOLD IN MIND; AND INFLUENCES ME, IN NATURAL WAYS, TO TRANSMUTE MY THOUGHTS INTO MY PHYSICAL EQUIVALENT. MY BRAIN BECOME MAGNETIZED WITH THE DOMINATING THOUGHTS I HOLD IN MY MIND.

THESE " MAGNETS" ATTRACT TO ME THE FORCES, THE PEOPLE, THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF LIFE WHICH HARMONIZE WITH THE NATURE OF MY DOMINANT THOUGHTS.

I MUST MAGNETIZE MY MIND WITH INTENSE DESIRE FOR RICHE, THAT I MUST BECOME "MONEY CONSCIOUS" UNTIL THE DESIRE FOR MONEY DRIVE ME TO CREATE DEFINITE PLANS FOR ACQUIRING IT.

TELL THE WORLD WHAT YOU INTEND TO DO, BUT FIRST SHOW IT!!!!!!

1) FIX IN YOUR MIND THE EXACT AMOUNT OF MONEY YOU DESIRE.
$2,000,000,000,000.00

THERE IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL REASON FOR DEFINITENESS.

2) DETERMINE EXACTLY WHAT YOU INTEND TO GIVE IN RETURN FOR THE MONEY YOU DESIRE. BETTER LIFE FOR CHILDREN WITH FINANCIAL HARDSHIP IN THIS WORLD!!!. THERE IS NO SUCH REALITY AS "SOMETHING FOR NOTHING".

3) ESTABLISH A DEFINITE DATE WHEN YOU INTEND TO POSSES THE MONEY YOU DESIRE. A YEAR FROM TODAY!.

4) CREATE A DEFINITE PLAN FOR CARRYING OUT YOUR DESIRE, AND BEGIN AT ONCE, WHETHER YOU ARE READY OR NOT, TO PUT THIS PLAN INTO ACTION. USE THE STOCK MARKET TO CARRY OUT MY DESIRE.
5) WRITE PUT CLEAR, CONCISE STATEMENT OF THE AMOUNT OF MONEY YOU INTEND TO ACQUIRE. $2,000,000,000,000.00

NAME THE TIME LIMIT FOR IT'S ACQUISI-TION. STATE WHAT YOU INTEND TO GIVE IN RETURN FOR THE MONEY. TO HELP CHILDREN WITH FINANCIAL HARDSHIP IN THE WORLD. TO OBTAIN FOR THEM BET-TER EDUCATION, BETTER LIFE, AND BETTER HEALTH.

6) READ YOUR WRITTEN STATEMENT ALOUD, TWICE DAILY, ONCE JUST BEFORE RETIRING AT NIGHT, AND ONCE AFTER RISING IN THE MORNING. AS YOU READ, SEE AND FEEL AND BELIEVE YOURSELF ALREADY IN POSSESSION OF THE MONEY.
YOU NEVER CAN TELL WHAT A THOUGHT WILL DO IN BRINGING YOU HATE OR LOVE-

FOR THOUGHTS ARE THINGS, AND THEIR AIRY WINGS . ARE SWIFTER THAN CARRIER DOVES. THEY FOLLOW THE LAW OF THE UNIVERSE-

EACH THING CREATES IT'S KIND, AND THEY SPEED O'ER THE TRACK TO BRING YOU BACK. WHATEVER WENT OUT FROM YOUR MIND.
 THE 13 SECRET TO OBTAIN WHATEVER YOU WANT IN LIFE.
1). THE POWER OF THOUGHT.
2). DESIRE: THE STARTING POINT OF ALL ACHIEVEMENT (THE FIRST STEP TO RICHES).
3). FAITH: VISUALIZING AND BELIEVING. IN THE ATTAINMENT OF DESIRES.
4). AUTOSUGGESTION: THE MEDIUM FOR INFLUENCING THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND.
5). SPECIALIZE KNOWLEDGE: PERSON EXPERIENCE OR OBSERVATION.
6). IMAGINATION: THE WORKSHOP OF THE MIND.
7). ORGANIZE PLANNING: THE CRYSTAL-LIZATION OF DESIRE ONTO ACTION.
 8). DECISION: THE MASTERY OF PRO-CRASTINATION.
9). PERSISTENCE: THE SUSTAINED EFFORT NECESSARY TO INDUCE FAITH.
10). POWER OF THE MASTER MIND: THE DRIVING FORCE.
11). THE MYSTERY OF THE SEX TRANSMU-TATION.12.). THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND: THE CON-NECTING LINKS.
13). THE BRAIN: A BROADCASTING AND RECEIVING STATION FOR THOUGHT.
14). THE SIXTH SENSE: THE DOOR TO THE TEMPLE OF WISDOM.

15). HOW TO OUTWIT THE SIX GHOSTS OF THE FEAR.(CLEARING THE BRAIN FOR RICHES)

16). THE DEVIL'S WORKSHOP. (THE SEVENTH BASIC EVIL).

IF YOU REPEAT A MILLION TIMES THE FAMOUS EMIL COUE FORMULA: "DAY BY DAY, IN EVERY WAY, I AM GETTING BETTER AND BETTER" WITHOUT MIXING EMOTION AND FAITH WITH WORDS, YOU WILL EXPERIENCE NO DESIRABLE RESULT. YOUR SUBCONSCIOUS MIND RECOGNIZES AND ACTS ONLY UPON THOUGHTS THAT HAVE WELL MIXED WITH EMOTION OR FEELING.

In San Gregory  by the sea (Haf Moon Bay) 

 Andy and Luigi